Fires Versus Steel Buildings

Fires Versus Steel Buildings

The official explanation that fires caused the collapse of Building 7 is incredible in light of the fact that fires have never caused a steel-framed building to totally collapse, before or after September 11th, 2001.

Steel-framed high-rises (buildings of fifteen stories or more) have been common for more than 100 years. There have been hundreds of incidents involving severe fires in such buildings, and none have led to complete collapse, or even partial collapse of support columns.

view of fire in First Interstate Building in Los Angeles
The Interstate Bank Building fire consumed several floors but did not damage the steel superstructure.

Recent examples of high-rise fires include the 1991 One Meridian Plaza fire in Philadelphia, which raged for 18 hours and gutted 8 floors of the 38-floor building; 1   and the 1988 First Interstate Bank Building fire in Los Angeles, which burned out of control for 3-1/2 hours and gutted 4 floors of the 64 floor tower. Both of these fires were far more severe than any fires seen in Building 7, but those buildings did not collapse. The Los Angeles fire was described as producing “no damage to the main structural members”. 2  

Research indicates that even if a steel-framed building were subjected to an impossible superfire, hundreds of degrees hotter and far more extensive then any fire ever observed in a real building, it would still not collapse. Appendix A of The World Trade Center Building Performance Study contains the following:In the mid-1990s British Steel and the Building Research Establishment performed a series of six experiments at Cardington to investigate the behavior of steel-framed buildings. These experiments were conducted in a simulated, eight-story building. Secondary steel beams were not protected. Despite the temperature of the steel beams reaching 800-900 C (1,500-1,700 F) in three of the tests (well above the traditionally assumed critical temperature of 600 C (1,100 F), no collapse was observed in any of the six experiments).

In building fires outside of such laboratory experiments, steel beams and columns probably never exceed 500º C. In extensive fire tests of steel frame carparks conducted by Corus Construction in several countries, measured temperatures of the steel columns and beams, including in uninsulated structures, never exceeded 360ºC. 3  


References

1. One Meridien Plaza, SGH.com, [cached]
2. Interstate Bank Building Fire Los Angeles, California (May 4, 1988), iklimnet.com, [cached]
3. Fire Resistance of Steel Framed Car Parks, corusconstruction.com, [cached]

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The Silence Surrounding Building 7

The Silence Surrounding Building 7

The American public was treated to wall-to-wall television coverage of the September 11th attack throughout the day and for nearly the entire following week. Yet most Americans remember only two skyscrapers collapsing in Lower Manhattan on the day of the attack: the Twin Towers. The total collapse of the third huge skyscraper late in the afternoon of September 11th was reported as if it were an insignificant footnote. The television networks played video of the jets impacting the Twin Towers hundreds of times. But most people never saw video of Building 7’s collapse.

Building 7 was neither hit by an airplane nor, apparently, by heavy fallout from the collapse of either of the Twin Towers. If you believe the official story that it collapsed from fires, it would be the first case in history in which fires induced the total collapse of a steel-framed building. Shouldn’t that have been newsworthy, given its implications for building safety and rescue and firefighting operations? Incredibly, it is difficult to find any mention of Building 7 in newspapers, magazines, or broadcast media reports about the September 11th attack.

The collapse of Building 7 was reported on 9/11/2001, apparently by all or most of the television networks. These reports were so obscure that it was not until 2007 that researchers discovered that the BBC and CNN had announced the collapse before it occurred.

Despite the enormity of this event, there is no mention of it in a timetable of press flashes, alerts, and bulletins from the day of and after the attack compiled by the Associated Press. 1  

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WTC7.net

WTC7.net

WTC7.net was created by Jim Hoffman to address the suspicious silence surrounding the total collapse of the 47 story skyscraper known as WTC 7, or Building 7. Except for reports of the collapse on the day of the attack, most conspicuously lacking footage, mention of Building 7 has been essentially non-existent in the mainstream and even alternative press.

The accepted cause of the total collapse of this building is fires. Since fires have never before caused the collapse of a steel-framed building, it has been standard procedure for first responders to enter burning high-rises without hesitation to save people and property. Will this now change in light of presumption that fires leveled Building 7? Thousands of lives will depend on the answer to this question. Given that, the rapid destruction of the evidence that could have resolved the causes underlying the mysterious collapse of Building 7 is appalling.

We hope WTC7.net will help people to understand what really destroyed Building 7. Did fires really reduce this skyscraper, capable of withstanding hurricanes, to a tidy pile of rubble; or is there more to this story than we’ve been told?

Building 7 was the third skyscraper to be reduced to rubble on September 11, 2001. According to the government, fires, primarily, leveled this building, but fires have never before or since destroyed a steel skyscraper.The team that investigated the collapse were kept away from the crime scene. By the time they published their inconclusive report in May, 2002, the evidence had been destroyed.Why did the government rapidly recycle the steel from the largest and most mysterious engineering failure in world history, and why has the media remained silent?
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911TRUTH.ORG

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE 9/11 TRUTH MOVEMENT AND 911TRUTH.ORG

The 9/11 truth movement evolved alongside the families’ movement. By the time of the second anniversary, in September 2003, the 9/11 skeptics network was able to draw thousands of participants to research conferences in New York City, Berlin, London, Toronto, the Bay Area, Durham NH, and other cities. March 2004 saw the “Citizens’ Inquiry into 9-11: Phase One” at the historic Herbst Theater in San Francisco (where the UN Charter was signed). Researchers and dissidents from many cities and countries flocked to the movement’s first great summit, achieving the first breakthroughs in the US mainstream media. The 9/11 truth movement entered American politics as a growing presence.

On the final days of the San Francisco conference, veterans of the previous two years of actions and energetic newcomers came together to contemplate how to:

  • boost the resources available for 9/11 truth activism;
  • sharpen the message and coordinate actions;
  • conduct a national campaign for 9/11 truth, keeping in mind that full disclosure is likely to trigger enormous global transformations.

These meetings resolved to create a formal organization to serve these ends. As a result, 911Truth.org was launched in June 2004. (The web site at https://911truth.org had already served the movement as a switchboard and events calendar under the name of “9/11 Truth Alliance.” That name is still shared by certain local activist groups, as in the Bay Area.)

Under its first executive director David Kubiak and current executive director Janice Matthews, 911Truth.org has been ahead of major developments, breaking exclusives, promoting the best in research and action, and orchestrating coups like the Zogby 9/11 poll of August 2004, which found that a majority of New York City residents believe government leaders were in some way complicit in 9/11 and a national Zogby poll in May 2006, which found that 45% of voting age Americans think “Congress or an International Tribunal should re-investigate the attacks, including whether any US government officials consciously allowed or helped facilitate their success”. A 2007 Zogby Poll found that 51% of Americans support a new investigation.

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Scientists for 9/11 Truth

Scientists for 9/11 Truth is a group of scientific professionals who are calling for new, independent, and scientific investigations of the events of September 11, 2001.

Organizing Committee:

David S. Chandler, BS Physics, Harvey Mudd College, MS Mathematics, California Polytechnic University

Jonathan Cole, P.E., Bachelor of Science Civil Engineering, University of Connecticut

Steven E. Jones, PhD Physics, Vanderbilt University

Guthrie Miller, PhD Physics, Stanford University

John D. Wyndham, PhD Physics, Cambridge University

Coordinator:

David S. Chandler, BS Physics, Harvey Mudd College, MS Mathematics, California Polytechnic University

Purpose:

Our specific purpose is to collect, study, analyze, report on, and disseminate scientifically factual information and data on the events that took place on September 11, 2001 (9/11), and issues related to these events; to solicit public support for new, independent and scientific investigations of the events of 9/11; and to present, for scientific, educational, and civic purposes, a unified front of professional scientists who stand behind the emerging science of 9/11.

As scientists, we are committed to upholding the scientific method developed painstakingly over the past centuries, sometimes at great cost to personal reputation, circumstance, and freedom, and even to life itself.

Considering the tremendous impact, on decisions to go to war, of the official account of 9/11, and the many thousands of lives snuffed out by these wars and on 9/11 itself and thereafter, it behooves us, as representatives of the scientific tradition, to uphold that tradition with truth and honor by exposing the absurdity of the official story of 9/11 as seen from a scientific perspective.

It is probable that many of you, for reasons of time, political outlook, and personal inclination, or a desire not to question the government, have not yet closely examined the official story of what happened on September 11, 2001. To you and all those who seek a rational world through reason and truth-telling, we offer these pages.

Introduction to the Science of 9/11

This introduction describes the official story, in the case of the World Trade Center as researched by NIST, and contrasts it with the scientific findings of independent researchers.

Foreword

The South Tower (WTC2) destruction looks like a violent explosion.

To read the newspapers or listen to the radio, one would think that questions about the official account of events of September 11, 2001 come only from a fringe group. But this is an illusion, consciously propagated, we believe, by government agents and their mouthpieces in the mainstream press. In a series of public opinion polls, roughly half of Americans were shown to doubt that the government is telling us the truth about 9/11, and the numbers are growing each year.

The truth is that among independent scientists with no axe to grind, a large proportion of those who look into the 9/11 evidence find grounds for doubt. A few have put their reputations and careers at risk in order to speak out about that evidence, and what they see. In 2010, larger numbers of scientists have joined together and contributed their expertise to create this web site.

It doesn’t take a PhD to understand that the official account of the 9/11 attacks contains contradictions and physical impossibilities. One of the strongest reasons for doubting the official version is common sense. Still, sometimes our common sense can fool us, and, especially where such serious charges are being levelled, it is wise to consult scientific expertise as well.

One good place to begin is this video of the North Tower of the World Trade Center (WTC1). Does it look like a building collapsing under its own weight? Or does it look like a descending series of explosions, progressing at about the same rate as the falling debris? Jet planes are fueled with kerosene, which is not a high explosive and cannot sever steel or pulverize concrete.

Scientists for 9/11 Truth asks you to read and consider the evidence we present here. We ask you to present the arguments to an independent scientist of your acquaintance, someone whom you know and trust. Write back to us, please! Tell us what you think, and what you have heard from scientists whom you personally know and trust.

A word about “conspiracy theories”. This term has been used to dismiss questions about 9/11, and to suggest that they are unworthy of serious debate. Professor Charles Pidgen has written: “[T]o call someone “a conspiracy theorist” is to suggest that he is irrational, paranoid or perverse. Often the suggestion seems to be that conspiracy theories are not just suspect, but utterly unbelievable, too silly to deserve the effort of a serious refutation. It is a common ploy on the part of politicians to dismiss critical allegations by describing them as conspiracy theories.” (See “Conspiracy Theories and the Conventional Wisdom Revisited” from the Selected Publications of Charles Pigden, Otago University.)

But in the case of 9/11, there are hundreds of insiders who have come out to tell their piece of the story, sometimes at great personal cost. Some of these are police, firefighters, and first–responders. Some are 9/11 survivors, and the family members of those who died in the Twin Towers.

Both chairmen of the official 9/11 Commission have written to warn us that key questions were not answered in the 9/11 hearings, that they were not allowed to question witnesses, and that their conclusions were tainted. Much of the testimony by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, accused of master-minding 9/11, was obtained through torture. The Commission was a governmental body whose chairman, Thomas Kean, was appointed by President George W. Bush; the other members were appointed by Congress; and the executive director, Philip Zelikow, was essentially a member of the Bush White House. Former New York Times writer Philip Shenon points out in his book, “The Commission,” that Zelikow had secretly written a detailed outline of the Commission’s report before his research staff had even begun its work.

The encylopedic evidence that refutes the official account of the events of September 11th is freely available in photos, videos, and government reports. Scientists for 9/11 Truth presents some of this evidence on its website, and is calling for an open debate.

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911SpeakOut

911SpeakOut.org

This web site documents the work on the scientific understanding of the events of 9/11 by several independent researchers: David Chandler (retired physics teacher), Jonathan Cole (professional engineer), Wayne Coste (electrical engineer), Frank Legge (PhD chemist), and Nathan Flach (video archivist). We are all independent 9/11 researchers, and affiliated with Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth and/or Scientists for 9/11 Truth. Our goal has been to uncover the truth and shed some light on the events of 9/11, each in our own way.

We are collaborating on this web site because we feel the work done by each of us complements the work of each of the others. Collections of our work (and more) are accessible through the menu tabs in the page header.

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Journal of 9/11 Studies

gulnarasamoilovadocumentaryphotographernewyorkcityworldtradecenterterroristattacksseptember112001031

Photograph by Gulnara Samoilova

The Journal of 9/11 Studies is a peer-reviewed, electronic-only journal covering research related to the events of September 11, 2001. Many fields of study are represented and all content is freely available online.

Since 2006, the Journal has presented some of the most compelling analysis and evidence related to the crimes of September 11, 2001. Today our mission is to offer new findings and new, evidence-based perspectives that have not yet been addressed. We hope you find the content informative and useful in the fight for truth, justice and peace.

To learn about the editors or get contact and submission information, see the About section in the menu above.

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9/11 Experiments: The Force Behind the Motion (video)

9/11 Experiments: The Force Behind the Motion

YouTube posted a link to the official 9/11 story that you can use to contrast with the evidence highlighted in this video, then decide for yourself if the official story adequately addressed the issue using the scientific method. (see more)

The direction and sequence of the primary forces to create the smooth motions observed in the towers destruction had to be “out and down”. The official story is impossible because if it was “down then out” by gravity alone, there would have been impacts or jolts slowing or stopping the downward motion.

The DIRECTION of acceleration for any two (or more) objects is INDEPENDENT of mass, material, size and scale, and always in line with the applied net force.

The SEQUENCE of forces acting on any two groups of accelerating objects is also INDEPENDENT of mass, material, size and scale. If one can mimic the motions observed on a large group of objects with a series of forces applied to any small group of objects, then then larger group of objects, regardless of its mass, material, size and scale will have the same sequence and direction of net forces as the smaller group.

The motions of dissimilar small objects are used frequently to demonstrate the motions and forces acting on very large objects because the direction and sequence of net force on both are independent of mass, material, size and scale.

For example, the direction of acceleration and therefore direction of net force acting on a bucket tied to a rope whirled around your head, is similar to the motion and direction of net force acting on our moon orbiting the earth. The direction of acceleration due to the net force acting on both the bucket and the moon are similar, even though the bucket is not a scaled model of our moon.

No agency, no expert, no scientist, nobody has ever been able to make any real model demonstrating the forces necessary to mimic the smooth downward and outward accelerations observed during the twin towers fall using gravity and fire alone, because it’s impossible.

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2010-11-10 9/11 Experiments: The Great Thermate Debate (video)

9/11 Experiments: The Great Thermate Debate

YouTube posted a link to the official 9/11 story that you can use to contrast with the evidence highlighted in this video, then decide for yourself if their story addressed the issue using the scientific method. Why couldn’t the National Geographic (or BBC) experts melt steel with thermite? NOTE: THERMATE = Thermite + SULFUR (The FEMA report could not explain the source of the SULFUR ) Learn more: http://www.911speakout.org

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9/11 Experiments: The Mysterious Eutectic Steel (video)

9/11 Experiments: The Mysterious Eutectic Steel

YouTube posted a link to the official 9/11 story that you can use to contrast with the evidence highlighted in this video, then decide for yourself if their story addressed the issue outlined, using the scientific method. Did rubble from the WTC really cause those eutectic formations ,as we were led to believe?

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The 9/11 Attack Government Conspiracy

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Specific Issues Index

from Creating Better World

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